An idea with a long history is bubbling its way back to the top of the policy pot in Los Angeles, and voters may — or may not — soon get a chance to decide it: Should the city be served by a larger council, one whose members serve significantly smaller districts?
It’s a controversial notion, but one that voters at least deserve the right to consider.
Last week, the city’s charter reform commission recommended that voters be allowed to consider expanding the City Council from the current 15 to 25 members. That’s a significant step forward, though the council itself — which has often been an impediment to this idea — still has to clear the measure for the June ballot.
Council expansion has captured the attention of reformers for decades. Some argue that the city, long at the leading edge of American immigration and diversity, has outgrown its current setup.
That structure, with a mayor elected citywide and 15 council members, each representing districts, has existed for just over a century. The city charter established it in 1925, when the region’s acquisition of a water supply spurred development of the San Fernando Valley and launched a decade of galloping growth.
Back then Los Angeles had about 600,000 residents and was overwhelmingly white. The city’s mayor, George Cryer, was a Midwesterner and a Republican whose legacy included the construction of City Hall and the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. It was during his tenure that Los Angeles surpassed 1 million residents, many of them migrants from the South and Midwest.
What that meant was, in 1925, each member of the Los Angeles City Council represented about 40,000 people. The districts had some variety — some were wealthier than others — but less than a fifth of LA’s residents were Latino and its Black population, though rising rapidly, still totaled less than 25,000 people.
Today’s Los Angeles is home to about 4 million people. Its largest ethnic group is Latinos, who make up about half the city’s residents. Blacks comprise 9% or so, and the city is, of course, home to immigrant communities from around the world.
A bigger council for smaller districts
Its politics are liberal to very liberal, and the current mayor’s race is a contest between an African American woman, incumbent Karen Bass, and a South Asian woman, Councilmember Nithya Raman.
In short, Los Angeles has changed a lot since 1925. City Council, though, remains structurally unchanged —15 members representing 15 districts. Whereas the districts once comprised 40,000 people, now they’re home to some 265,000 people each.
If the council expanded to 25 members, each would represent 160,000 people.
Moves to expand the council have kicked around for decades. In the late 1990s, then-Mayor Richard Riordan launched an overhaul of the city charter, and though his goals were more about streamlining authority and strengthening the mayor’s office, two commissions considering reforms took up council expansion as a means of improving representation.
maller districts, the thinking went, would mean more cohesive ones. The city’s Korean-American community, for instance, might command one district. Or Filipino or Guatemalan residents, who have considerable populations but whose numbers are swamped by other groups in existing districts, might exert more authority in their areas.
Smaller districts would have other benefits, too.
Council members are part of a city legislature and vote on city ordinances and priorities, but they also act as administrators for constituents, interceding when residents run up against bureaucracy, lending assistance to residents trying to access city services or navigate city rules. Smaller districts could mean constituents would get more individualized attention.
Those assumptions have kept the idea of council expansion alive, but it’s had significant opposition, too, starting with the council itself. Many members see the expansion idea as diluting their power, reducing them to smaller political figures.
Other critics worry that a larger council would be more expensive for taxpayers and not fundamentally more responsive to the public.
Still, Los Angeles is a standout among major cities. New York, with a larger population than LA, has a council of 51 members, each representing about 172,000 residents. Chicago, with a smaller population, has 50 alderpersons, each representing about 50,000 residents.
In California, San Francisco has 11 members representing a city of about 840,000 people, meaning each member represents a district of about 76,000 people — about a third the size of LA’s. San Diego, the state’s second-largest city with a population of 1.4 million, has nine council members, or one for every 155,000 people — again, districts smaller than Los Angeles would have even if it approves council expansion.
